Layer 2 blockchain · settles to Polkadot
Astar ticker ASTR
Summary
Astar is a Polkadot parachain. Collators run the Astar node, gather transactions and author blocks in slot-based Aura; relay-chain validators assigned to Astar's core check each block against its proof of validity, and GRANDPA finalizes the relay chain that includes it. Asynchronous backing, activated in June 2025, cut the block interval to about 6 seconds. Astar reserves relay-chain validation as coretime in 28-day periods. EVM contracts are the live contract environment; Wasm (ink!) contracts were frozen in June 2026 and have been blocked since runtime 2400 was enacted on 2026-09-19. ASTR holders lock tokens for dApp staking, which directs part of issuance to registered projects and does not choose block producers. 34192026272829
Design
- System
- Layer 2 blockchainAstar Network is a Polkadot parachain (para ID 2006). Its collators build blocks, but relay-chain validators check each block against its proof of validity, keep it available and finalize it with GRANDPA, so validity, data availability and finality come from Polkadot; it is filed as a layer 2 that settles there. Astar's guides call it Astar L1 and it posts no proofs to a contract, so the class is contested. Astar zkEVM, a validium on Ethereum retired on 2025-03-31, and Soneium, an Ethereum layer 2, are separate chains.
- Settles to
- PolkadotRelay-chain validators assigned to Astar's core check each Astar block against its proof of validity, spread erasure-coded pieces so it stays available, and randomly selected approval checkers re-check it; GRANDPA then finalizes the relay-chain block that includes it. Astar has no finality of its own. Since August 2025 it reserves this validation as Polkadot coretime in 28-day periods, renewed automatically under a referendum and paid from DOT reserves managed by the Astar Finance Committee.
- Settlement family
- Its own design
- Scarce resource
- Other
- State model
- Accounts
- Finality
- Economic finality
- Who makes blocks
- Collators take Aura slots in turn. Since runtime 1900 (enacted 2025-10-29) a new candidate bonds 3,200,000 ASTR and needs approval from two thirds of the Main Council or a referendum; governance also grants bond-free invulnerable slots to infrastructure partners. A collator that stops producing blocks leaves the active set and loses 1% of its bond. Runtime 2300 (enacted 2026-08-12) lowered the minimum candidate count from 5 to 1. Astar says collators do not secure the chain; their main power is censorship. The active collator count was not verified.
- Fork choice
- No open weight-based chain selection of Astar's own. Astar follows the parachain blocks that relay-chain validators back and include, and GRANDPA finalizes relay-chain blocks once more than two thirds of validators vote for them, carrying Astar's included blocks with them. Under asynchronous backing collators build on blocks not yet included, and Astar's collator guide warns of branch churn and reorg-heavy periods, so blocks that are not yet final can be replaced.
Qualifications
- System class · Contested. Filed as a layer 2 because Polkadot's relay chain provides validity checks, data availability and finality for Astar's blocks, which Astar's docs call shared security. Astar's own guides call the chain Astar L1. Readers who reserve the layer-2 label for chains that post proofs or data to a contract on another chain would call it a shared-security chain instead.
- Settlement family · Partial. Recorded as other. Astar's own terms: a Polkadot parachain built with Substrate, whose runtime pallets hold native balances, dApp staking and governance, and which also runs an EVM through Frontier at chain ID 592 with Ethereum-format addresses mapped to native accounts.
- Scarce resource · Partial. Recorded as other. Astar's own terms: collators take turns authoring blocks in Aura slots; a new candidate bonds a fixed 3,200,000 ASTR and needs approval from two thirds of the Main Council or a referendum, and governance grants bond-free invulnerable slots to infrastructure partners, so admission rather than the size of a bond decides who produces blocks. Astar's docs say collators do not secure the network: block validity and finality come from Polkadot relay-chain validators, whose bonded DOT can be slashed.
- Finality · Partial. An Astar block is final once GRANDPA finalizes the relay-chain block that includes it; reverting it would need relay-chain validators to equivocate, which Polkadot treats as a slashable offence, and validators who back or approve an invalid block are slashed through disputes. That backing comes from DOT-staked Polkadot validators, not from Astar's collators.
- Smart contract environments · Partial. Astar's docs still describe EVM and Wasm (ink!) contracts. On mainnet, Wasm uploads and instantiation were frozen on 2026-06-15 and every call to a Wasm contract has been blocked since runtime 2400 was enacted on 2026-09-19. Runtime 2500, which removes the contracts pallet, was released on 2026-09-23 but the chain still reported spec version 2400 on 2026-09-29.
- Dapp staking · Applies. dApp staking: holders lock ASTR, which stays in their account, and stake it on registered projects; since Tokenomics 3.0 (March 2026) at most 16 projects earn rewards per era over a yearly cycle. It rewards projects and stakers from issuance and plays no part in choosing block producers.
- Throughput · Unknown. No throughput figure is recorded. Astar says asynchronous backing halved the block interval and raised throughput, without a measured rate.
- Related chains · Not applicable. Soneium is a separate Ethereum layer 2 co-founded by Sony Group and Startale, where ASTR circulates after bridging, and Astar zkEVM was a separate validium on Ethereum, retired on 2025-03-31. Neither settles to Astar, and these cells do not describe them.
Tradeoffs
- Emphasizes
- Security and Scalability
- Gives up
- Independence and open block production. Validity, data availability and finality come from Polkadot's validators, and Astar must keep buying coretime to produce blocks. Block producers are a governance-approved set: candidates need a 3,200,000 ASTR bond and council or referendum approval, invulnerable slots are granted by governance, and the minimum candidate count is now 1. Governance bodies whose first members were Astar Foundation leaders and runtime developers can fast-track or cancel proposals and put the whole chain into safe mode.The emphasis follows Astar's docs: security from Polkadot's shared validator set, and capacity from asynchronous backing, which Astar says halved the block interval and raised throughput. No throughput figure was verified. How many independent collators run today was not verified.
- Full node at home
- Demanding 45Astar's archive-node guide lists 8 cores, 16 GB of RAM and a 500 GB SSD (NVMe preferred) for Astar, and says a pruned full node keeps only recent blocks and uses much less storage. The node runs in parachain mode with an embedded Polkadot relay-chain node on its own ports, whose storage the guide does not state. Collators need bare-metal machines with 12 dedicated cores at 4 GHz or more, 32 GB of RAM, a 1 TB NVMe SSD and 500 Mbit/s symmetric bandwidth, plus governance approval.
- Throughput claims
- No classified figure recorded
Scaling layers
No scaling layer recorded in this profile.
Capabilities
| Capability | How it is provided | Notes and sources |
|---|---|---|
| Account abstraction | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| Atomic swaps | Unknown | No hash-time-locked or other trust-minimized swap mechanism was documented for Astar. EVM contracts could host one, but none was reviewed. |
| Authenticated data publication | Unknown | Not yet assessed under this row's current definition. |
| Light clients | Built into the protocolLimited scope | Polkadot consensus produces the GRANDPA finality proofs and the relay-chain record of included Astar blocks that a light client checks. Astar's docs show the smoldot client, through Substrate Connect, following Astar from its chain specification without a trusted RPC node, and Polkadot's docs describe these clients checking finality proofs and Merkle state proofs. Scope is limited: the path serves native queries, the reviewed docs show no light-client path for the EVM JSON-RPC that wallets use, the Astar page is an older tutorial, and wallet adoption was not reviewed. 72930 |
| Native staking or delegation | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| On-chain governance | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| Parallel execution | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| Payment or state channels | Unknown | No payment or state channel layer anchored to Astar was found; absence was not verified. |
| Programmable spending | Native (protocol or core-team software) Earlier definition | EVM smart contracts (pallet-evm through Frontier, chain ID 592) run on mainnet, and native accounts can use multisig and proxy rules. Wasm (ink!) contracts were frozen on 2026-06-15 and all calls to them have been blocked since 2026-09-19. 1611122528 |
| Protocol-verified messaging | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| Reversible transfers or recovery | Built into the protocolLimited scope | Time-delayed proxies in the proxy pallet: a proxy announces a call that can run only after a set number of blocks, and the controlling account can reject it during that delay, so a delayed transfer can be cancelled. Scope is limited to part (a): the protocol does not reverse a completed transfer, and no recovery path set up in advance was found in Astar's docs. 11 |
| Rollups | None found Earlier definition | No rollup anchors to Astar. Astar zkEVM was a validium that settled to Ethereum, not to Astar, and was retired on 2025-03-31; Soneium is a layer 2 on Ethereum. 142324 |
| Shielded transfers | Structured assessment pending | Not yet assessed for any chain. |
| Signed partial offers | Unknown | Not yet assessed under this row's current definition. |
Reading these values
- How this feature is provided
- Built into the protocol, core-team software or independent software says where a feature lives and who can change it. These are implementation layers, not quality: core-team software is not closer to the protocol than independent software.
- Structured assessment pending
- The shared review has not assessed this feature for any chain yet (Account abstraction, Native staking or delegation, On-chain governance, Parallel execution, Protocol-verified messaging and Shielded transfers). That does not mean it is absent, and a chain’s profile may already describe it.
- Unknown
- The review has not established this for this chain under the current definition; the note beside it says why. Unknown is not absent and not a low score. A feature reads “Not present” only when a source shows it is absent.
- Earlier definition
- Payment or state channels, Programmable spending and Rollups keep the earlier definition until the next fact-check. There, “Native” does not separate the protocol from core-team software, “Ecosystem software” does not say who publishes it, and “Partial” does not say which layer.
- Reading across rows
- The list of capabilities is incomplete. Do not read these rows as a chain leading or lagging overall.
Ecosystem & custody
| Product type | Status | Notes and sources |
|---|---|---|
| Automated market makers | ThinCometSwap, ArthSwap | Astar's guide to buying ASTR now points to CometSwap, a concentrated-liquidity exchange on Astar EVM that DeFiLlama has listed since February 2026; ArthSwap, listed by DeFiLlama on Astar since 2022, is also present. Operators, audits and liquidity depth were not reviewed, and DeFiLlama lists no audits for CometSwap. 1631 |
| Issuer-native stablecoins | None found | Neither Circle's USDC list nor Tether's supported-protocol list includes Astar. USDT reaches Astar from Polkadot's Asset Hub over XCM as xcUSDT, and since July 2026 a bridged USDC, deployed by Swapper under Circle's bridged-USDC standard over Chainlink CCIP, is the route Astar presents as replacing older Celer-bridged USDC; Astar's own post says this bridged USDC is not issued by Circle. 13223233 |
| Algorithmic stablecoins | Unknown | No algorithmic stablecoin with material use was reviewed. DeFiLlama lists AstridDAO on Astar, which describes its BAI as a stablecoin borrowed against collateral, so it is not counted here. 31 |
| Bridges | Established in the ecosystemChainlink CCIP (ASTR to Soneium), Swapper bridged USDC (over CCIP), Wanchain XFlows (USDT), Celer cBridge (older route), XCM transfers with Polkadot chains | The Astar Portal bridges ASTR from Astar EVM to Soneium through Chainlink CCIP: a lock-and-release token pool on Astar and a burn-and-mint ASTR contract on Soneium whose roles are granted by the Astar Foundation. Transfers with the relay chain and other parachains use XCM under Polkadot's shared validation, which is not a bridge. Astar's docs also describe Wanchain's USDT route, and Celer cBridge carried older USDC; whether Celer still serves Astar was not checked. Risk: CCIP transfers trust Chainlink's CCIP network and the Astar Foundation's control of the upgradeable ASTR contract and token-pool roles on Soneium; Swapper's bridged USDC adds Swapper's contract; Wanchain and Celer routes trust their own validator or relayer sets, which were not reviewed. A bridged asset is only as sound as the bridge that minted it. 213152122 |
| Block explorers | Established in the ecosystemSubscan, Blockscout | Astar's docs list Subscan, which covers native and EVM activity, and Blockscout for the EVM side. Their operators were not verified; explorer data is provider-indexed, and this listing is not a completeness check. 817 |
| Hardware wallets | ThinLedger (EVM network behind a switch; MetaMask and Polkadot wallet paths), Trezor (through MetaMask or Rabby) | See custody rows: Ledger Wallet defines an Astar EVM network behind a feature switch that is off by default, and Astar documents Ledger signing through MetaMask and through Polkadot wallets; Trezor's Astar page lists MetaMask and Rabby, and Trezor Suite has no Astar network. 17183435383940 |
Hardware-wallet custody
| Device maker | Status | What users can and cannot do |
|---|---|---|
| Ledger | PartialSame as native: Unknown | Can: Sign Astar EVM transactions with the Ledger Ethereum app through MetaMask, per Astar's Ledger guide Can: Sign native Astar transactions, including dApp staking in the Astar Portal, with the Ledger Polkadot generic app through Polkadot.js, Talisman, SubWallet or Nova Wallet, per Astar's guide Cannot: Create or manage native Astar accounts in Ledger Wallet: Astar's guide says Ledger Live is not supported for them Cannot: Count on Ledger Wallet showing the Astar EVM network: Ledger's code defines it (chain ID 592) behind a feature switch that is off by defaultCounted as limited vendor support under the shared custody rule: Ledger's published currency list (13.56.0) has an Astar EVM network that uses the Ethereum app, but Ledger Wallet shows it only when its feature switch is on, the switch is off by default in code, Ledger's remote setting could not be read, and Ledger's Astar coin page returned 404. The working paths Astar documents run through MetaMask and Polkadot wallets. 171834353637 |
| Trezor | Through an intermediaryMetaMask or RabbySame as native: Unknown | Can: Use a Trezor with the Astar network through MetaMask or Rabby, which Trezor's Astar page lists Can: Hold ASTR on Ethereum in Trezor Suite, which Trezor's page lists as a supported network; that is the token on Ethereum, not the Astar network Cannot: Manage the Astar network in Trezor Suite: neither Suite's Ethereum-family network module nor its legacy network list has an Astar network (chain ID 592) Cannot: Sign native (Substrate-format) Astar transactions: no Trezor path for them was found in Astar's or Trezor's pagesTrezor's Astar page lists Trezor Suite, MetaMask and Rabby and the Ethereum and Astar networks without mapping them. Suite's Ethereum-family network module and its legacy network list have no Astar network, so under the custody evidence rule the device reaches the Astar network only through the third-party apps. 383940 |
Public data
iKnow Blockchain has no public-data lookups for Astar yet. This is a limit of the service, not a statement about the network.
| Lookup | Status | What it covers and its limits |
|---|---|---|
| Address or account | Not available yet | Public-data lookups for this chain are not built yet. |
| Tokens and assets | Not available yet | Public-data lookups for this chain are not built yet. |
| NFTs | Not available yet | Public-data lookups for this chain are not built yet. |
| Transactions | Not available yet | Public-data lookups for this chain are not built yet. |
Sourced developments
Developments: Reviewed Sep 29, 2026 Next review due Oct 9, 2026, 12:00 UTC.
Publication date · newest first
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Runtime 2300 moved Astar to Polkadot SDK stable2512 and lowered the collator minimum to 1
Referendum 60 enacted runtime 2300, which moves Astar's runtime to the Polkadot SDK and Frontier stable2512 line, sets the relay parent offset to 0 and reduces the minimum number of collator candidates from 5 to 1. Collators and RPC nodes had to run client v5.50.0 alongside it.
- Proposal:passed as referendum 60
- Implementation:shipped in runtime 2300 with client v5.50.0
- Release:released 2026-07-28 (runtime) and 2026-07-30 (client)
- Activation:enacted on Astar mainnet on 2026-08-12
Sources: Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 60: Runtime upgrade to 2300 (Polkadot SDK stable2512) (external site) · Astar Network (GitHub) — runtime-2300 release notes (external site) · Astar Network (GitHub) — v5.50.0 client release notes (external site) · Astar Docs — Learn about Collators (external site)
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Bridged USDC went live on Astar through Swapper
Astar announced bridged USDC deployed by Swapper under Circle's bridged-USDC standard: USDC is locked on the source chain and minted on Astar through Chainlink CCIP, with no liquidity pool. Astar says it replaces Celer-bridged USDC and other older variants as the standard route, and that bridged USDC is not Circle-issued USDC.
- Implementation:deployed by Swapper
- Release:announced as live
- Activation:live per Astar's post; the contract and supply were not checked on chain
Sources: Astar blog — Bridged USDC Is Now Live on Astar via the Swapper Stablecoin Payment Layer (external site) · Circle — USDC contract addresses (external site)
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Astar is retiring Wasm (ink!) smart contracts
The Astar Foundation proposed retiring Wasm contracts because ink! was discontinued by its maintainers and pallet-contracts is no longer maintained upstream. Uploads and new instances were frozen with runtime 2207 on 15 June 2026, a 90-day migration window closed around 10 September, and runtime 2400, enacted on 19 September, blocks all calls to Wasm contracts and settles the pallet's held balances. Runtime 2500 removes the pallet and was released on 23 September.
- Proposal:announced by the Astar Foundation on 2026-06-12
- Implementation:freeze in runtime 2207, call block in runtime 2400, pallet removal in runtime 2500
- Release:runtime 2500 released 2026-09-23
- Activation:freeze live 2026-06-15; calls blocked since 2026-09-19; pallet removal not live on 2026-09-29 (spec version 2400)
Sources: Astar Forum — WASM smart-contract sunset on Astar and Shiden (external site) · Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 59: Runtime upgrade to 2207 (slot-based Aura migration phase 3; Wasm upload freeze) (external site) · Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 63: Runtime upgrade to 2400 (WASM smart-contract decommission, step 1 of 2) (external site) · Astar Network (GitHub) — runtime-2400 release notes (external site) · Astar Network (GitHub) — runtime-2500 release notes (external site) · Astar — Astar public RPC (state_getRuntimeVersion read, 2026-09-29) (external site)
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Tokenomics 3.0 lowered the issuance ceiling and capped rewarded projects at 16
Two referenda activated Tokenomics 3.0: new inflation parameters (a 5.5% yearly ceiling, down from 7%, with per-block emission decay) and runtime 2101, which reworked dApp staking into a yearly cycle with at most 16 rewarded projects in two tiers and no bonus rewards. Astar says supply now converges toward about 10 billion ASTR.
- Proposal:passed as referenda 50 and 51
- Implementation:decay factor shipped in runtime 1900; dApp staking changes in runtime 2101
- Release:runtime 1900 and runtime 2101 releases; the new inflation parameters were set by a governance call in referendum 50, not by a release
- Activation:active on Astar mainnet since 2026-03-16
Sources: Astar blog — Astar Tokenomics 3.0: Transitioning to a Fixed-Supply Economic Model (external site) · Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 50: Update Tokenomics 3.0 Inflation Parameters (external site) · Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 51: Astar Runtime 2101 Upgrade (dApp Staking Revamp for Tokenomics 3.0) (external site) · Astar blog — dApp Staking Simplified: One Stake, 16 Projects (external site) · Astar Docs — Tokenomics 3.0 FAQs (external site) · Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 44: Astar Runtime 1900 Upgrade (Asset Hub migration prep, tokenomics decay, collator governance) (external site)
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Runtime 1900 made new collators subject to governance approval
Referendum 44 enacted runtime 1900, which replaced open collator registration with an application flow: a candidate posts an application on the Astar forum for at least 7 days, then reserves the 3,200,000 ASTR bond on chain and is approved by two thirds of the Main Council or a referendum. The same runtime added the Tokenomics 3.0 decay factor and preparations for Polkadot's Asset Hub migration.
- Proposal:passed as referendum 44
- Implementation:shipped in runtime 1900
- Release:runtime-only release; no client upgrade required
- Activation:enacted on Astar mainnet on 2025-10-29
Sources: Subsquare (Astar democracy) — Referendum 44: Astar Runtime 1900 Upgrade (Asset Hub migration prep, tokenomics decay, collator governance) (external site) · Astar Forum — Astar Collator System Update: Transitioning to Governance-Approved Collator Selection (external site) · Astar Docs — Collator Requirements (external site)
Topics your AI can explain
Your AI can explain these topics for Astar through the connection, with sources.
Known gaps
What this profile's review did not establish:
- The number and operators of active collators, bonded candidates and bond-free invulnerables, were not verified; the current collator set could not be read from a primary source without extra chain queries.
- Astar's docs give the collator slash trigger as one session without blocks on one page and two sessions on another.
- The storage needed by the embedded Polkadot relay-chain node, and the size of a pruned Astar full node, were not stated in the reviewed guides.
- Runtime 2500, which removes the contracts pallet, had not been enacted on Astar when the chain was read on 2026-09-29; its referendum was not found.
- Several Astar docs pages still describe Wasm (ink!) contracts as available and use 12-second-era wording; the chain's release notes, referenda and forum were used for current behaviour.
- The 2025-03-31 retirement date of Astar zkEVM comes from L2BEAT; Astar's own dated notice appears only on social media, which is not used as a source.
- Whether any wallet uses the light-client path in production was not reviewed, and the docs page describing it is an older tutorial.
- Ledger's remote feature-switch setting for Astar could not be read, Ledger's Astar coin page returned 404, and a Ledger support article about Astar EVM accounts renders only in the browser and could not be read, so Ledger Wallet support for ordinary users stays unconfirmed.
- CometSwap's and ArthSwap's operators, audits and liquidity depth were not reviewed, and ArthSwap's current status was not confirmed on its own site, which renders only in the browser.
- Whether Celer cBridge and Wanchain still serve Astar, and the bridged USDC contract address and supply, were not verified on chain.
- Astar blog posts render in the browser; their text and dates were read through the site's own content service.
- No measured throughput or time-to-finality for Astar was found.
- Which Polkadot core Astar holds, how long the DOT reserves can fund coretime renewals, and how Polkadot's planned changes to parachain validation would affect Astar were not reviewed.
- No atomic swap mechanism, channel layer or data-publication mechanism was found; absence was not exhaustively verified.
Sources
Oldest dated source check: Source checked Sep 29, 2026 Next check due Oct 29, 2026.
- Smart Contracts (external site)
- Astar Parachain (architecture overview) (external site)
- Learn about Collators (external site)
- Collator Requirements (external site)
- Archive Node (external site)
- Network RPC endpoints (external site)
- Light Client node with no RPC (external site)
- Block explorers (external site)
- Tokenomics 3.0 FAQs (external site)
- Governance overview (external site)
- Proxy accounts (external site)
- Accounts (external site)
- Wanchain Bridge (USDT XFlows and xcUSDT) (external site)
- Interact with Soneium (external site)
- Transfer from Astar to Soneium (external site)
- Buying ASTR on a DEX using CometSwap (external site)
- Interact with Ledger on Astar EVM using MetaMask (external site)
- Interact with Ledger using Astar Native Accounts (external site)
- Astar Activates Asynchronous Backing on Mainnet (2025-06-17) (external site)
- Astar Transitions to Agile Coretime Model (2025-08-13) (external site)
- Implementation of ASTR on Soneium with Chainlink CCIP & ERC-7802 compatibility (2025-06-11) (external site)
- Bridged USDC Is Now Live on Astar via the Swapper Stablecoin Payment Layer (2026-07-02) (external site)
- Astar Evolution: Phase 1 (transition of Astar zkEVM to Soneium, 2024-08-23) (external site)
- Astar zkEVM (archived project page) (external site)
- WASM smart-contract sunset on Astar and Shiden (2026-06-12, updated 2026-08-19) (external site)
- Referendum 44: Astar Runtime 1900 Upgrade (Asset Hub migration prep, tokenomics decay, governance-approved collator selection) (external site)
- Referendum 60: Runtime upgrade to 2300 (Polkadot SDK stable2512; collator minimum lowered to 1) (external site)
- Referendum 63: Runtime upgrade to 2400 (WASM smart-contract decommission, step 1 of 2) (external site)
- Parachains' Protocol Overview (external site)
- Light Clients (external site)
- DeFiLlama protocols API (Astar entries: CometSwap, ArthSwap, AstridDAO, CCIP) (external site)
- USDC contract addresses (external site)
- Supported protocols (external site)
- @ledgerhq/cryptoassets 13.56.0 currency list (Astar entry) (external site)
- currencyAstar feature flag definition (ledger-live, develop branch) (external site)
- Feature flag defaults (flags are disabled unless set; ledger-live, develop branch) (external site)
- Currencies hidden behind feature switches (ledger-live, develop branch) (external site)
- Astar wallet (external site)
- Trezor Suite network configuration (trezor-suite, develop branch) (external site)
- Trezor Suite Ethereum-family network module configuration (trezor-suite, develop branch) (external site)
Report an error
Found something wrong or out of date? Reporting is free, and every chain goes through the same process. Published corrections appear in the public log.
Funding disclosure
Funding disclosures appear here when an upkeep arrangement exists, in the form “Upkeep funded by [name]; verdicts unaffected.” The funder ledger has not been published yet. Neutrality & funding