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Layer 1 blockchain

XDC Network ticker XDC

  • No public-data lookups yet
  • 3 reviewed developments
  • 40 cited sources

Summary

XDC Network runs XinFin Delegated Proof of Stake 2.0 (XDPoS 2.0, branded XDC 2.0), a HotStuff-derived BFT protocol live on mainnet since block 80,370,000, which the client code dates to a 2 October 2024 target. Candidate owners who registered KYC lock at least 10 million XDC per candidate in a validator contract, and other holders can add stake by voting. At each epoch of 900 rounds the 108 candidates with the most stake, minus penalised ones, become masternodes. They take turns proposing blocks about every 2 seconds; each block carries a quorum certificate for its parent signed by at least two-thirds of masternodes, counted per node, and a block is committed once blocks from the next two consecutive rounds build on it. Each epoch mints 5,000 XDC, paid 90% to owners of signing masternodes and 10% to a foundation wallet; fees go to the producing candidate's owner. 410141819202127

Design

System
Layer 1 blockchainXDC Network (chain ID 50, genesis 31 May 2019) is an independent chain run by up to 108 masternodes and does not settle to another chain. Its reference client, XDPoSChain, is a go-ethereum fork that runs the EVM. A validator candidate needs a 10 million XDC deposit and an owner who uploaded a KYC document hash, so block production is identity-gated while use, full nodes and reads are open. No vote, foundation approval or invitation admits a candidate, and the 108 seats go to the highest-staked candidates without penalties, so the layer-1 class is kept rather than the permissioned class.
Settlement family
Ethereum / EVM
Scarce resource
Stake (proof of stake)
State model
Accounts
Finality
Other
Who makes blocks
The round leader is the masternode at position (round modulo epoch length) modulo committee size in the epoch's list, a fixed rotation. A masternode that produced no block in an epoch is left out of later committees and earns no reward until it resumes signing, but keeps its stake. An owner's candidates and stake are forfeited only if at least 75% of candidate owners vote its KYC invalid. The operators behind the current 108 were not verified; XDC's subnet page lists organizations in its ecosystem without saying which run masternodes.
Fork choice
No open weight-based chain selection. Every block adds difficulty 1, a proposer must build on the highest quorum certificate it holds, and nodes refuse to reorganize the chain below the highest committed block. If a round stalls, masternodes sign timeouts and a certificate from two-thirds of them moves the chain to the next round. XDC says finalized blocks cannot fork while adversarial masternodes stay under one-third of an epoch's committee; a forensic monitor records conflicting certificates as evidence, with no automatic stake penalty found.

Qualifications

Tradeoffs

This view follows one way of thinking about design priorities, often called the blockchain trilemma. The design-priorities lesson sets out the counter-view. Read the design-priorities lesson.

Emphasizes
Scalability
Gives up
Open block production and protocol-level censorship resistance. At most 108 masternodes, each backed by a 10 million XDC deposit and an owner who registered KYC, produce and certify every block, and XDC's own consensus page lists centralization risk if masternodes collude. Since block 38,383,838 the client also rejects any block holding a transaction from or to one of 61 addresses hard-coded in the node software. Masternodes holding more than one-third of committee seats can stall finality by not voting.XDC presents speed, low fees and certificate-based finality with forensic evidence as its aims. Readers who count that finality as a security emphasis may reasonably add it; this profile does not, because equivocation is recorded as evidence but not penalised by stake loss in the reviewed code, and validator admission depends on KYC and a large deposit.
Full node at home
Demanding 14XDC's masternode guide recommends a 6-core CPU, at least 16 GB of RAM, a 1 TB SSD or NVMe drive and a 1 Gbps connection up and down on Ubuntu, with a public IP address and no NAT; its architecture page gives lower figures (500 GB SSD, 100 Mbps). A node that only serves reads needs no stake, but no separate hardware figures are published for it. The guide offers full and archive snapshots from rpc.xdc.network, refreshed about every 20 days, which a new node trusts in place of replaying history.
Throughput claims
  • Theoretical peak: 2,000 tx/s 1Theoretical peak; not comparable across chains or with observed load.Stated as '2,000+ TPS' in XDC's documentation.XDC's documentation states 2,000 or more transactions per second with no published method, workload, measurement window or hardware. The same page lists a 420,000,000 block gas limit and roughly 2-second blocks; no measured sustained rate at the stated level was found. XDCScan's homepage shows a live transactions-per-second figure without stating its averaging window or whether masternode signing transactions are counted, so it was not classified here. A design claim, not observed load, and not comparable across chains.
Headline figures are not comparable across chains. A theoretical peak is never a like-for-like number.

Scaling layers

Capabilities

Capabilities of XDC Network: how each one is provided, or its research status
CapabilityHow it is providedNotes and sources
Account abstractionStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
Atomic swapsUnknownNo hash-time-locked or other trust-minimized swap mechanism deployed on XDC mainnet was reviewed. The EVM could host one, but none was assessed.
Authenticated data publicationUnknownNot assessed. XDC Subnets checkpoint their block headers to a mainnet contract that checks subnet validator signatures, so a header commitment is recorded, but subnet data is private to its operators by design and retrieval by others was not assessed. No public data-publication service with discoverable updates was reviewed. 1011
Light clientsBuilt into the protocolLimited scopeQuorum certificates: consensus produces what a light client checks, since each block carries a certificate signed by at least two-thirds of the epoch's masternodes, and XDC's checkpoint contract verifies subnet headers on mainnet against such certificates. Limited: no light client that verifies XDC mainnet for wallets was found; the v2.6.8 reference client removed its light-mode flag, and new nodes start from full or archive snapshots. 411192527
Native staking or delegationStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
On-chain governanceStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
Parallel executionStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
Payment or state channelsUnknownNo payment or state channel layer anchored to XDC was reviewed.
Programmable spendingNative (protocol or core-team software) Earlier definitionXDC's reference client is a go-ethereum fork that runs the EVM, so spend conditions are written as smart contracts; the mainnet client configuration switches on the Cancun instruction set at block 98,802,000 (30 January 2026), 1,800 blocks after EIP-1559 transactions began, although the v2.6.8 release notes name block 98,800,200 for both. 1161825
Protocol-verified messagingStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
Reversible transfers or recoveryUnknownNot yet assessed under this row's current definition.
RollupsUnknownNo rollup anchored to XDC mainnet was found. The v2.6.8 release adds blob-hash and KZG groundwork that XDC's developer forum links to future layer-2 work, and XDC Subnets are recorded as sidechains. 102530
Shielded transfersStructured assessment pendingNot yet assessed for any chain.
Signed partial offersUnknownNot yet assessed under this row's current definition.
Reading these values
How this feature is provided
Built into the protocol, core-team software or independent software says where a feature lives and who can change it. These are implementation layers, not quality: core-team software is not closer to the protocol than independent software.
Structured assessment pending
The shared review has not assessed this feature for any chain yet (Account abstraction, Native staking or delegation, On-chain governance, Parallel execution, Protocol-verified messaging and Shielded transfers). That does not mean it is absent, and a chain’s profile may already describe it.
Unknown
The review has not established this for this chain under the current definition; the note beside it says why. Unknown is not absent and not a low score. A feature reads “Not present” only when a source shows it is absent.
Earlier definition
Payment or state channels, Programmable spending and Rollups keep the earlier definition until the next fact-check. There, “Native” does not separate the protocol from core-team software, “Ecosystem software” does not say who publishes it, and “Partial” does not say which layer.
Reading across rows
The list of capabilities is incomplete. Do not read these rows as a chain leading or lagging overall.

Definitions, schema version and review history

Ecosystem & custody

Ecosystem products for XDC Network
Product typeStatusNotes and sources
Automated market makersThinXSwap (V2 and V3), Fathom AMM, Globiance DEXXSwap describes itself as an automated market maker and launchpad built on XDC and lists CertiK and Techrate audits. DeFiLlama lists XSwap V2 and V3, Fathom AMM and Globiance on XDC, plus XDC deployments of several multichain exchanges. DeFiLlama's reading showed small pool balances; operators, audits and liquidity depth were not independently reviewed. 3536 As of Sep 29, 2026.
Issuer-native stablecoinsEstablished in the ecosystemUSDC (Circle)Circle's USDC contract list includes XDC mainnet (0xfA2958CB79b0491CC627c1557F441eF849Ca8eb1), and the XDC Foundation announced USDC and CCTP V2 live on mainnet on 17 September 2025; here native means issued by Circle on XDC, not a protocol asset. Tether's supported-protocol list does not include XDC. 153133 As of Sep 29, 2026.
Algorithmic stablecoinsUnknownAlgorithmic or hybrid stablecoins on XDC were not reviewed. DeFiLlama lists Fathom CDP, a collateralized debt protocol on XDC; its stablecoin was not assessed. 35 As of Sep 29, 2026.
BridgesEstablished in the ecosystemCircle CCTP V2 (USDC), LayerZero V2 endpoint, Wanchain bridge, Enosys bridge, Subswap over XDC Zero (subnets only)Circle lists XDC as a CCTP source and destination for burn-and-mint USDC transfers. LayerZero's deployment metadata lists an active XDC mainnet endpoint, and DeFiLlama lists Wanchain's bridge and the Enosys bridge on XDC. XDC's own Subswap contracts move tokens only between mainnet and subnets. No XDC-run bridge to other public chains was verified. Risk: Each route has its own trust model: CCTP depends on Circle's attestation service, LayerZero on the verifiers an application configures, and lock-and-mint bridges on their signers or relayers. Subswap relies on XDC Zero relayers and oracles and on the subnet's validators. None of these routes was audited in this review; a wrapped asset is only as sound as the bridge that minted it. 13323435 As of Sep 29, 2026.
Block explorersFirst-partyXDCScan, BlocksScan (xdc.blocksscan.io)XDC's docs list XDCScan and BlocksScan. XDCScan's footer reads "Powered by XDC Network" and says it is built by Team Etherscan, so it is recorded as the network's own explorer built by a contractor; BlocksScan renders in the browser, and neither its operator nor its data was checked. Explorer data is provider-indexed, not canonical consensus. 128 As of Sep 29, 2026.
Hardware walletsThinLedger (through third-party wallets), Trezor (through MetaMask or Rabby)See custody rows: both vendors' own XDC pages route XDC through third-party wallet apps, and Ledger's published Ledger Wallet currency list has no XDC entry. 373840 As of Sep 29, 2026.

Hardware-wallet custody

Hardware-wallet custody for XDC Network
Device makerStatusWhat users can and cannot do
LedgerThrough an intermediaryThird-party wallets named by Ledger (MyEtherWallet, MyCrypto, Guarda, Math Wallet)Same as native: UnknownCan: Sign XDC transactions with a Ledger device through a compatible third-party wallet, per Ledger's XDC Network page
Can: Log in to XDC's masternode staking site with a Ledger, which XDC's masternode guide lists among its login options
Cannot: Find XDC in Ledger's published Ledger Wallet currency list (@ledgerhq/cryptoassets 13.56.0)Ledger's Ethereum app source includes a build configuration for a device app named XDC Network (chain ID 50, derivation coin type 550). Ledger's XDC page was last modified in December 2023 and sits at an address ending in xdce-crowd-sale; whether the XDC Network app is offered for every current device was not verified. 4373839 As of Sep 29, 2026.
TrezorThrough an intermediaryMetaMask or Rabby (named on Trezor's XDC Network page)Same as native: UnknownCan: Connect a Trezor to MetaMask or Rabby and confirm XDC transactions on the device, per Trezor's XDC Network page
Can: Log in to XDC's masternode staking site with a Trezor, which XDC's masternode guide lists
Cannot: Use Trezor Suite for XDC: Trezor's XDC Network page labels its wallet screenshot as not supported in the Trezor Suite app and names only MetaMask and RabbyTrezor's XDC page lists the Safe 3, Safe 5 and Safe 7 and has no readable modification date. Older Trezor models and contract signing through MetaMask or Rabby were not tested. 440 As of Sep 29, 2026.

Public data

iKnow Blockchain has no public-data lookups for XDC Network yet. This is a limit of the service, not a statement about the network.

Public-data lookups for XDC Network
LookupStatusWhat it covers and its limits
Address or accountNot available yetPublic-data lookups for this chain are not built yet.
Tokens and assetsNot available yetPublic-data lookups for this chain are not built yet.
NFTsNot available yetPublic-data lookups for this chain are not built yet.
TransactionsNot available yetPublic-data lookups for this chain are not built yet.

A lookup covers one address or transaction from one provider. It is never a complete wallet, and an error or private value is reported as unknown, not zero. About public data · Connect your AI

Sourced developments

Developments: Reviewed Sep 29, 2026 Next review due Oct 9, 2026, 12:00 UTC.

Publication date · newest first

Topics your AI can explain

Your AI can explain these topics for XDC Network through the connection, with sources.

Known gaps

What this profile's review did not establish:

Sources

Oldest dated source check: Source checked Sep 29, 2026 Next check due Oct 29, 2026.

All 40 sources were checked in the last 30 days.

  1. XDC Network Architecture (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  2. XDPoS 2.0 overview (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  3. XDPoS - XDC's Consensus Mechanism (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  4. Run a Node: Masternodes and Standby Masternodes (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  5. XDC Network - Slashing Mechanism (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  6. Rewards Mechanism (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  7. XDC Network - RPC (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  8. Glossary (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  9. Gas & Fees on XDC Network (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  10. XDC Subnet (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  11. Checkpoint Smart Contract (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  12. Relayer (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  13. Subswap (external site)XDC Network Documentation · retrieved
  14. XDC Technical Specification (external site)XDC Foundation · retrieved
  15. LIVE on XDC Mainnet: USDC and CCTP V2 (17 September 2025) (external site)XDC Foundation · retrieved
  16. XinFinOrg/XDPoSChain (forked from ethereum/go-ethereum) (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  17. XDPoSChain README: 108 masternodes and KYC for masternodes (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  18. params/config_networks.go: mainnet chain config and XDPoS 2.0 parameters (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  19. consensus/XDPoS/engines/engine_v2/engine.go: commit rule and proposal preparation (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  20. XDCValidator.sol: candidate proposal, voting, KYC upload and KYC-invalidation vote (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  21. common/constants.go: reward split and minimum gas price constants (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  22. common/constants.shared.go: shared address denylist (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  23. core/state_transition.go at v2.7.1: fee credited to the block producer's owner (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  24. common/gas.go at v2.7.1: fixed base fee and gas price tier (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  25. XDPoSChain v2.6.8 release notes (EIP-1559 activation and Cancun instruction set) (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  26. XDPoSChain v2.9.1-testnet release notes (external site)XinFinOrg (GitHub) · retrieved
  27. Nethermind.Xdc module README (XDPoS 2.0 implementation) (external site)Nethermind (GitHub) · retrieved
  28. XDCScan: XDC Blockchain Explorer (read 2026-09-29) (external site)XDCScan (Etherscan) · retrieved
  29. XDCScan block 98800200 (external site)XDCScan (Etherscan) · retrieved
  30. XDC Network v2.6.8: The Cancun Upgrade Goes Live on Mainnet (external site)Developers Forum for XinFin XDC Network · retrieved
  31. USDC contract addresses (external site)Circle · retrieved
  32. CCTP supported blockchains (external site)Circle · retrieved
  33. Supported protocols (external site)Tether · retrieved
  34. LayerZero deployment metadata (xdc-mainnet entry) (external site)LayerZero · retrieved
  35. DeFiLlama protocols API (XDC entries) (external site)DeFiLlama · retrieved
  36. XSwap Protocol (external site)XSwap · retrieved
  37. XDC Network Wallet (external site)Ledger · retrieved
  38. @ledgerhq/cryptoassets 13.56.0 currency list (external site)Ledger (npm package via jsDelivr) · retrieved
  39. app-ethereum makefile_conf/chain/xdcnetwork.mk (XDC Network device app configuration) (external site)Ledger (LedgerHQ GitHub) · retrieved
  40. XDC Network wallet (external site)Trezor · retrieved

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Funding disclosure

Funding disclosures appear here when an upkeep arrangement exists, in the form “Upkeep funded by [name]; verdicts unaffected.” The funder ledger has not been published yet. Neutrality & funding